NR-505 · Week 6 of 8 · Synthesizing the evidence

NR-505 Week 6 Synthesizing the Evidence: How to Write It

The short answer

NR-505 Week 6 is where the appraised studies stop being a pile and start being an argument. Synthesis means organizing by what the evidence shows rather than by who wrote it, weighting each finding by the strength of the design behind it, and reporting where the studies disagree instead of smoothing the disagreement away. The mechanical trick that makes it possible is a table you build before you write a sentence. Your section may print this as NR 505 or NR505; it is the same course. Chamberlain publishes no syllabi outside Canvas. The placement here is our teaching judgment from the course's catalog arc; your section's rubric decides what your week actually asks.

NR-505 Week 6 grading scale at Chamberlain, the criterion levels this assessment is scored on, from Chamberlain Tutors
How Chamberlain grades NR-505 Week 6, visualized by Chamberlain Tutors.

What NR-505 Week 6 asks for

Two structural signals tell a grader within seconds which kind of section they are reading. In a summary, every paragraph opens with an author's name and a year. In a synthesis, every paragraph opens with a claim about the evidence, and the authors appear inside as support, as qualification or as contradiction. Nothing else about the section matters as much as that difference, and it is entirely under your control at the outline stage.

Weighting is the second requirement. A synthesis that treats a multi site trial and a single ward project as equal voices has not appraised anything, so let strength of design show in the sentence: where the strongest evidence points, and what the weaker work adds beyond it. This is also where a levels of evidence hierarchy earns its place, provided you name the one you are using rather than referring vaguely to levels.

Deliverables at this depth are typically substantial, often a written synthesis with an evidence table, and this is usually the largest single piece of the session. If your section runs a discussion this week it will likely ask what your evidence is showing so far, and posts do not reopen after submission in Canvas, so say something specific rather than something safe.

The NR-505 Week 6 method, step by step

Six moves from a stack of appraised studies to a section that argues.

  1. Build the grid before you write

    One row per study; columns for design, sample and setting, what was done, what was measured, the result in clinical units, and your appraisal verdict. Filling this in is an evening of work that saves two days of drafting.

  2. Read down the columns, never across the rows

    Reading across produces a summary because it walks you through one study at a time. Reading down the result column shows you where studies converge, and those convergences are your paragraph headings.

  3. Name three or four findings, not ten

    A synthesis with ten themes has one sentence each and demonstrates nothing. Three or four claims, each carrying several studies, is what depth looks like in a section of this size.

  4. Write each paragraph claim first, evidence second

    Open with what the evidence shows, then bring in the studies that support it, then the ones that qualify it. If a paragraph cannot be opened with a claim, the material in it is probably not a finding but a topic.

  5. Put the disagreements on the page

    Where two studies point different ways, say so, then explain what might account for it: population, intensity, duration, outcome measure, follow up window. That explanation is usually the highest value sentence in the whole section.

  6. Close with the state of the evidence

    Two or three sentences saying where the evidence is strong, where it is thin, and what nobody has studied. That paragraph is what the proposal stage will lean on when it argues for a pilot rather than a full rollout.

A layout and word budget for an evidence synthesis

Our frame for a synthesis section, sized for roughly 1,400 to 1,800 words plus the table. It is our own outline rather than anything the university issues, and your week's rubric outranks it wherever they disagree.

SectionWhat belongs in itWord target
OrientationHow many studies, of what designs, from what settings, and how they are organized in what follows.120 to 160
Finding oneThe claim, the studies supporting it, the strength of those designs, and the size of the effect where it is known.300 to 360
Finding twoA separate claim with its own evidence, not a restatement of the first in different words.300 to 360
Finding threeOften the implementation layer: what it took to deliver the intervention where it worked.250 to 320
Where the evidence conflictsThe disagreements stated plainly with a methodological explanation offered for each.250 to 300
State of the evidenceStrengths, gaps and the limits of what can be claimed, written so the proposal can be sized against it.180 to 240

Evidence craft for synthesis

Name the hierarchy you are using. Several levels of evidence systems exist and they number their levels differently. Cite the one you apply and use its terms, because a claim that a study is level two means nothing without the system that defines level two.

Do not count the same study twice. If a systematic review in your set includes three of your primary studies, saying that seven sources support a finding overstates it. Note the overlap in a clause, and treat reviews as maps of a literature rather than as extra votes.

Keep the numbers comparable when you place them side by side. Two studies reporting the same outcome over different windows are not directly comparable, and neither are results reported as proportions in one and as counts in another. State each one with its base and its period in the same sentence, then say explicitly what makes them comparable or not.

Attribute agreement to the studies, not to the field. Writing that the literature supports an intervention is an assertion about a body of work you have not read in full. Write instead that four of the six studies in this review reported a reduction, and name which designs those four used. Precision of that kind is what the synthesis row is measuring.

Five mistakes that cost points in this week's territory

  • Paragraphs that open with an author's name. That structure is a summary regardless of how well each study is described.
  • Every study given equal weight. If the appraisal stage produced no differences in weight, it was not an appraisal.
  • Disagreement quietly dropped. A literature in which everything agrees usually means the search was narrow or the reading was kind, and graders read unanimity with suspicion.
  • An evidence table pasted in with no reference to it. The table supports the argument; it does not replace it, and a section that never points at its own table wastes both.
  • Findings that are really topics. A paragraph headed staff education is a subject. A paragraph claiming that education alone did not change practice without a workflow change is a finding.

Before you submit

  • No paragraph in the synthesis opens with an author and a year
  • Each finding carries more than one study, and their designs are named
  • Overlap between reviews and primary studies is acknowledged
  • At least one genuine disagreement is reported and explained
  • The table and the narrative agree on every number they share
  • The closing paragraph states what the evidence cannot yet support

Building the NR-505 synthesis?

Send the rubric and your appraised studies out of Canvas. A premium original draft comes back in 24 to 48 hours organized by finding rather than by article, with the disagreements explained, and revisions run until the grade lands.

Questions students ask about this stage

All of my studies agree. Is that a problem?
It is usually a signal about the search rather than about the intervention. Complete agreement across a set of studies happens most often when the terms were narrow, when only positive titles were screened in, or when the set is dominated by small projects at single sites, which are less likely to be published when they show nothing. Go back and look for the studies that reported no difference, then read the discussion sections of your strongest papers, where authors routinely cite work that contradicts them. If genuine agreement survives that check, say so and say why it is credible: consistent effects across different populations and designs is itself a finding worth stating, and it is far more convincing when you show you looked for the counter evidence.
How do I write a synthesis when my studies used different outcome measures?
Group by what the measures were trying to capture, then be explicit about the differences. If three studies measured a scale score and two measured an event rate, you can still claim that all five point the same direction on the same underlying outcome, provided you say what each one actually counted. What you cannot do is average across them or imply a single effect size, and attempting it is the error most likely to lose the row. Where a measure is unfamiliar, spend a clause explaining what a change of that size means in practice, because a reader who cannot interpret the unit cannot evaluate your claim. Differences in measurement are also a legitimate item for the gaps paragraph at the end.
Should the evidence table go in the body or an appendix?
Follow your guide, and where it is silent, put it wherever your reader will meet it at the right moment, which is usually just before or just after the orientation paragraph. Either way, the narrative has to work without it: a synthesis that says the table shows the findings has handed its argument to a grid. Refer to the table for detail, such as sample sizes and settings, and keep the reasoning in the prose. Also check formatting requirements, since tables in academic style have specific rules about numbering, titles and notes, and losing points on the scholarly writing row for a mislabelled table is an unnecessary way to spend a grade in the heaviest week of the session.

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